Nondaily smoking patterns in young adulthood
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Nondaily smoking: a population-based, longitudinal study of stability and predictors
BACKGROUND Nondaily smoking appears to have remained stable in Western countries in recent years, alongside a steep decline in daily smoking. Nondaily smoking increases the risk of several diseases and premature mortality, but our knowledge about nondaily smoking is limited. The present study was designed to examine the stability of nondaily smoking during young adulthood, and to identify adole...
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BACKGROUND Nondaily or intermittent smokers (ITS) are increasingly common, but how much nicotine, if any, ITS take in and how quickly they metabolize it has not yet been studied. METHODS We compared carbon monoxide (CO), urinary cotinine, and nicotine metabolism [nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR): 3-hydroxycotinine:cotinine] in 224 ITS and 222 daily smokers (DS). Effects of gender and ethnicity...
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It is estimated that smoking results in more deaths each year in the United States than alcohol, cocaine, heroin, AIDS, suicide, homicide, motor vehicle accidents, and fires combined (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2000). With about 8 out of 10 adult smokers in the United States having tried their first cigarette before age 18 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1994), i...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Addictive Behaviors
سال: 2013
ISSN: 0306-4603
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.03.005